Figurative Language
Figure of speech - use of a word of phrase in a way other than its literal meaning
Figurative language - language using figures of speech; ideas expressed in non-literal language
4 reasons its effective:
- provides imaginative pleasure
- brings additional imagery
- adds emotional intensity
- helps keep work concise
Simile - comparison expressed by use of a word such as “like,” “as,” “than,” etc.
Metaphor - comparison created when a figurative term is substituted for the literal term
4 forms:
- literal named; figurative named
- literal named; figurative implied
- literal implied; figurative named
- literal implied; figurative implied
Personification - giving human attributes to nonhuman objects
Apostrophe - addressing an absent being or nonhuman object as if they were human
Synecdoche - using part of something to represent the whole
Metonymy - using something closely related to what is actually meant
Symbol - something that means more than what it is
Allegory - description or narrative that has multiple meanings
Paradox - a statement that is true yet seems contradictory
Overstatement - exaggeration to emphasize truth
Understatement - saying less than what one means
3 kinds:
- verbal - saying the opposite of what one means
- dramatic - discrepancy between what the speaker says and what the work is saying
- situational - discrepancy between what is expected to happen and what actually happens
Rhetoric
Rhetoric - art of communication
Subject - what is the topic?
Purpose - what do you want to communicate?
- entertain
- reflect
- inform
- persuade
- can be any combination of the above elements
Audience - who is the work intended for?
- age groups
- education/background - vocab, knowledge, etc.; goes with age groups
- personal bias
- expectations
Speaker/Persona - what should the audience think of you
- fictional vs. real personality
- connection to audience
- attitude toward subject
- personal characteristics
Lots of terms relating to rhetoric: http://www.uky.edu/AS/Classics/rhetoric.html
Argument
Purpose - to persuade
Argument - series of ideas; chain of claims
- logical (logos) - appeals to reason/intellect
- ethical (ethos) - appeals to morality; ethics differ from person to person
- emotional (pathos) - appeals to feelings
Thesis - main point
Claim - assertion
Evidence - facts that support claim
Warrant - ties evidence to claims
Premise - leads to conclusion
Conclusion - acceptance of final outcome of argument
Warrant has to be present - evidence must be connected to claims
Necessary support - things that can’t be ignored
Sufficient support - enough to make a point
No comments:
Post a Comment