Tone
- can only be applied to the author in reflexive pieces (unless the narrator is the author)
- refers to speaker/narrator’s attitude
- shifts
- discussed in terms of emotion
o effectively analyze emotions
o recognize emotional states
- effect created with technique - syntax, diction, etc.
Voice
- author’s style
- speaker’s personality
- shifts, but not often - only when narrator is dynamic
- discussed in terms of character
o character traits - smart, charismatic, etc.
o ethics - honest/dishonest, etc.
o “literary” characteristics - reliable/unreliable character
- effect created with technique
Style
- authorial persona’s personality
o not author, per se
o situation-specific personal
o changes over time
- shifts when author’s persona changes
- discussed in terms of character
Perrine (see book)
- Musical devices (11)
- Sound and meaning (13)
- Pattern (14)
- Evaluating poetry (15-160
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